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Objective: The Benefits of GFM BESS Project Team conducted detailed electromagnetic transient (EMT) studies on a real-world, interconnected power system to explore the benefits, opportunities, challenges, and considerations of adopting grid-forming (GFM) battery energy storage systems (BESS) at-scale. The studies explored, using an actual network with real models from original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), the following core questions:

  • Is GFM BESS a “do no harm” solution option that provides grid-stabilizing benefits to both weak and strong areas of the grid?
  • What are the benefits or challenges of adopting GFM BESS on a widespread basis?
  • Will there be any notable interactions or interoperability challenges with GFM BESS technologies across multiple OEMs?
  • Can GFM BESS help defer more costly solution options and lead to increased integration or less curtailment of renewables?

Approach: EMT studies were conducted with a partner utility, American Transmission Co. (ATC), using their actual network and scenarios loosely based on their interconnection studies. The study team developed scenarios and sensitivities in different zones of the ATC system to explore the questions described above. The studies were held confidentially among the core study team; however, results were shared in a genericized and anonymized manner with the broader project team to help guide the study, discuss key findings, explore additional sensitivities or scenarios, and to help craft the key messages regarding findings and recommendations from this work. The project team met periodically to hold informational meetings, hear from a wide array of stakeholders, and share lessons learned.

Deliverables: Deliverables include a public informational webinar on February 4, 2025 to highlight the key findings, takeaways, and recommendations from the studies conducted. Additionally, the project team is developing and publishing a high-level policy brief intended for decision makers, policymakers, and regulatory bodies. The project team is also conducting educational outreach and briefings to key entities at the conclusion of the work.

Supporting Presentations:

July 2, 2024: GB Grid Forming Development, National Grid ESO
August 2, 2024: GFM in Australia,  AEMO
September 5, 2024: History of BESS (and IBRs) in Alaska, HickoryLedge
October 3, 2024: Grid-Forming Battery Energy Storage Systems, MISO
November 7, 2024: ERCOT AGS-ESR Adoption and Proposed Requirements, ERCOT
December 5, 2024: SMA Large Scale Grid Forming Solutions, SMA